扩大行政公益诉讼原告范围的依据及设想

行政公益诉讼制度的产生及发展对社会公共利益的维护起到举足轻重的作用，但目前我国行政公益诉讼制度主要局限于由检察机关牵头所提起的这一行政公益诉讼类型，原告资格范围受到限制。西方国家以“利害关系说”和“私人检察官”等理论依据为依托将行政公益诉讼原告资格逐步扩大，虽然我国《行政诉讼法》中并未明确规定行政公益诉讼制度，但结合我国现行的法律体系发展状况和行政公益诉讼实施成效，我们应将其逐步放宽至社会团体及公民个人。     

农业水价综合改革背景下平原灌区农业用水激励机制研究

从农业用水户的角度，结合南方平原灌区实际，提出3种递进式的农业用水激励模式及相应测算公式，即“先交水费、后全额补贴”模式，基于合理用水定额的“先交水费、后差额补贴”模式，以及基于区域单位用水量的“先交水费、后差额补贴”模式，并测算分析了典型试点区内用水户的用水量、预交水费、奖惩金额、精准补贴额和实交水费等。结果表明，3种农业用水激励模式各有优缺点，可适用于改革进程的不同阶段。基于区域单位用水量的“先交水费、后差额补贴”模式充分体现了节奖超罚的原则，并最终达到区域内奖惩金额的动态平衡，促使用水户间相互督促、互相竞争，有利于充分调动用水户的节水积极性，提升用水户节水意识，具有推广应用价值。      

Yield penalty of maize (Zea mays L.) under heat stress in different growth stages: A review

Maize (Zea mays L.) can exhibit yield penalties as a result of unfavorable changes to growing conditions. The main threat to current and future global maize production is heat stress. Maize may suffer from heat stress in all of the growth stages, either continuously or separately. In order to manage the impact of climate driven heat stress on the different growth stages of maize, there is an urgent need to understand the similarities and differences in how heat stress affects maize growth and yield in the different growth stages. For the purposes of this review, the maize growth cycle was divided into seven growth stages, namely the germination and seedling stage, early ear expansion stage, late vegetative growth stage before flowering, flowering stage, lag phase, effective grain-filling stage, and late grain-filling stage. The main focus of this review is on the yield penalty and the potential physiological changes caused by heat stress in these seven different stages. The commonalities and differences in heat stress related impacts on various physiological processes in the different growth stages are also compared and discussed. Finally, a framework is proposed to describe the main influences on yield components in different stages, which can serve as a useful guide for identifying management interventions to mitigate heat stress related declines in maize yield.